混积岩储层特征--以酒泉盆地青西凹陷下白垩统混积岩为例

混积岩是指陆源碎屑与碳酸盐组分经混合沉积作用而形成的岩石,广义混积岩包括由陆源碎屑与碳酸盐组分在空间上构成交替互层或夹层的混合。本文在大量资料调研基础上,结合酒泉盆地青西凹陷下白垩统混积岩储层薄片观察、场发射扫描电镜观察、全岩及黏土矿物分析、压汞测试、纳米CT等研究工作,分析了混积岩储层岩性组合、储层特征等。宏观上,混积岩岩性复杂多样,由白云质泥岩、泥质白云岩、灰质泥岩、灰质白云岩、白云质灰岩等组成,剖面上呈现大段厚层式、厚夹薄层式、近等厚互层式三种组合样式;微观上,黏土矿物、碳酸盐矿物及有机质等呈纹层状或块状分布;储集空间主要为微-纳米级的粒间孔、粒内孔以及微裂缝,矿物组成及其含量是影响储集空间类型的一个主要因素;多数混积岩储层孔隙度、渗透率低,为致密储层。     

西准噶尔萨吾尔地区主要矿床类型及成矿规律

本文基于萨吾尔地区目前发育的主要矿床(点)吐尔库班套铜镍矿点、阔尔真阔腊金铜矿床、布尔克斯岱金矿床、罕哲尕能铜矿床、塔斯特金矿床、黑山头金矿点、那林卡拉铜钼矿点等的研究,分析了区域矿化类型及成矿规律。认为萨吾尔地区矿床成因类型可分为三类,岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物矿床、斑岩型-浅成低温热液型Au-Cu-Mo矿床、与中酸性侵入岩有关的构造蚀变岩型Au矿床。矿化以Au、Cu矿化为主,Cu-Ni、Mo矿化次之。成矿时代分布在中泥盆世、早石炭世、晚石炭世,集中于早石炭世(354~336Ma)。空间上,岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物矿床分布于萨吾尔北部科克森套地区,斑岩型-浅成低温热液型Au-Cu-Mo矿床、与中酸性侵入岩有关的构造蚀变岩型Au矿床主要分布于萨吾尔山南部。成矿构造背景分别对应于区域中泥盆世岛弧环境、早石炭世岛弧环境、晚石炭世碰撞造山后环境。区域成矿规律显示了进一步的找矿潜力:萨吾尔北部科克森套地区发育的镁铁-超镁铁岩体的岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物矿床的找矿潜力;阔尔真阔腊-布尔克斯岱地区斑岩型-浅成低温热液型金铜矿床的找矿潜力;区域晚石炭世-早二叠世斑岩型Cu-Mo矿床的找矿潜力;萨吾尔断裂及其次级断裂控制范围内的Au-Cu找矿潜力。     

温度、浓度对流体中氟钛络合物水解的影响:对深部地质过程中钛元素活动的制约

Ti是自然界中丰度最高的高场强元素(HFSE),其主要赋存矿物——金红石的溶解度决定了俯冲带HFSE的活动与循环。而富氟流体被认为是影响Ti等HFSE能否活化、迁移的重要因素。本文对不同浓度的氟钛络合物(K2Ti F6)在100MPa压力和200~500℃温度下的稳定性进行了研究,结果显示其在热液条件下发生显著水解,水解程度与温度和初始浓度密切相关,即温度越高、初始浓度越低,则水解程度越剧烈。对实验数据进行拟合,首次获得了K2Ti F6的表观水解常数与温度的关系式:-ln K=(8972±788)/T-(4.16428±1.40362),其中获得的热力学参数为:ΔrHΘ=74.59±6.55k J/mol,ΔrSΘ=34.62±11.67J/(mol·K)。同时,运用上述获得的关系式将温度推广到俯冲带条件,计算了金红石溶解度和流体中Ti的最大迁移量之间的关系。结果显示,当金红石的溶解度大于1000μg/m L时,富F流体能有效迁移的Ti大于1μg/m L;随着金红石溶解度的增加,Ti的有效迁移百分比也逐渐增大,但俯冲流体中Ti的最大迁移量可能不超过6700μg/m L,比之前的预计要低得多。本文的研究证实了富F流体能最大程度活化并迁移Ti等HFSE。其中,对于岩浆-热液体系而言,F主要通过在岩浆中预富集,然后再大量分配进入晚期流体中而形成富F流体;对于俯冲带而言,多硅白云母的脱水或热解是形成富F流体/超临界流体的有效途径。     

小秦岭车仓峪钼矿成因研究:辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及黄铁矿微量元素制约

车仓峪钼矿位于小秦岭中生代娘娘山花岗岩体与太华群基底的接触带内,矿体发育在由一组X节理控制的石英脉内。本文对车仓峪钼矿开展了辉钼矿Re-Os定年以及黄铁矿微量元素LA-ICP-MS原位分析工作。所得辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为133.8±4.3Ma和132.7±2.2Ma,表明车仓峪钼矿的成矿年龄为早白垩世,与娘娘山岩体的成岩年龄一致。辉钼矿样品的Re含量较低,为83×10-6和86×10-6,指示了成矿物质可能来源于I型花岗岩——娘娘山花岗岩。对与辉钼矿共生的黄铁矿进行LA-ICP-MS微量元素原位分析,发现黄铁矿中Ni含量低(4.5×10-6~76.1×10-6,平均17.4×10-6),表明其来源应该是酸性岩,也就是其围岩娘娘山花岗岩。综合辉钼矿定年以及黄铁矿微量元素分析结果,车仓峪钼矿应该是早白垩世娘娘山花岗岩侵位时,由岩浆冷凝分异出的成矿流体充填和交代围岩形成。同时,小秦岭燕山期Mo矿化并不伴随Au矿化,结合已有资料,从侧面说明燕山期可能并不是小秦岭金的主成矿期。     

商周青铜文物的腐蚀研究——高放废物处置系统人为类似物研究实例

文章论述了出土商周时代青铜文物的化学成分和结构特征以及样品采集地区的环境条件。研究表明青铜文物随时间而不断腐蚀。腐蚀层至少由两个亚层组成,即氧化物层和碳酸盐亚层。有些样品出现物理腐蚀亚层,即疏松层;有些样品则产出SnO2亚层。青铜腐蚀层的厚度在不同环境条件下发生变化,干旱条件下为50~260μm,潮湿条件下为320~800μm。从天然抗腐蚀观点看,青铜可推荐作为高放废物处置系统废物罐的材料。     

我国西北地区多年降水的氢氧同位素分布特征研究

降水是干旱区水文循环研究不可缺少的水文要素,为了揭示我国西北地区大气降水的氢氧同位素时空分布特征,合理开展不同尺度水文循环研究和建立对比标准,系统搜集分析了乌鲁木齐、银川、张掖、兰州、平凉、西安和拉萨七个地区多年大气降水的氢氧同位素数据资料。分析结果表明:乌鲁木齐、银川、张掖和兰州四个地区的δ18O值夏半年明显高于冬半年,从全年尺度上来看只是受到了温度效应的影响;而位于关中盆地的西安地区则由于复杂的水汽来源,冬半年表现出受温度效应的控制,夏半年转为雨量效应控制为主。平凉地区δ18O与其它海拔相近地区(如兰州)相比5~9月份均偏负,这与平凉地区较弱的城市热岛效应有关。西北地区大气降水δD和δ18O的变化范围均在全球大气降水的变化范围之内,除平凉和拉萨外,其它几个地区大气降水线方程的斜率和截距均小于全球大气降水线,说明这些地区的降水是在干旱环境下经历较强程度的蒸发条件下进行的,且在降水过程中还可能受到了局地二次蒸发凝结等水汽循环的影响。而该区域大气降水的氘盈余(d值)表现出冬半年高、夏半年低的特点,表明冬半年和夏半年水汽来源不同或者水源地的蒸发条件不同。     

基坑围护钢筋混凝土支撑精确爆破拆除

介绍了南京新城科技园国际研发总部园基坑支撑体系精确爆破拆除实例。针对大面积、大体量的支撑拆除,提出了精确爆破参数、科学起爆网络、可靠安全防护措施方案,取得了良好的爆破效果。     

Geochemistry, Geochronology, Sr-Nd Isotopic Compositions of Jiang Tso Ophiolite in the Middle Segment of the Bangong- Nujiang Suture Zone and Their Geological Significance

The Jiang Tso ophiolite,situated in the middle segment of the Bangong- Nujiang Suture Zone,is a part of the easternmost Qieli Lake ophiolite subzone and is close to the south of Pung Lake ophiolite. The rock association of Jiang Tso ophiolite is relatively complete and is mainly composed of metamorphic peridotite,gabbro and diabase. Comparing with N-MORB,the ophiolite is high in Mg and low in Ti,K,Na,P,and is depleted in Nb,Ta,Hf,Th and enriched in Rb,Sr and Ba. Geochemical characteristics of the Jiang Tso ophiolite indicate it is of a supra-subduction zone type formed in the spreading ridge of back arc basin. The SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from the gabbro yielded a weighted average age of 188.1±4.1 Ma(MSWD=1.4),indicating the Jiang Tso ophiolite was formed in the late stage of early Jurassic. The Sr,Nd isotopic compositions show that the Tethyan mantle domain is the depleted mantle(DM),with enriched mantle domain II(EM II). They have the same Sr,Nd isotopic composition with the India Ocean MORB type.     

Paleostress Reconstruction of Micangshan Anticlinorium on the Southern Margin of the Qinling Orogenic Belts, China

Brittle structures in rock of different ages can be used to establish the tectonic evolution of an orogenic belt through paleostress calculations. Micangshan is located at the southern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt,between the SE-trending Longmenshan fold-and-thrust belt and the arcuate Dabashan thrust-and-fold belt. Structural observations revealed that the dominant structures are reverse and strike-slip faults and folds with E–W and NE–SE trends. To increase knowledge of the tectonic evolution of the Micangshan anticlinorium,faults,joints,veins,and folds were measured at more than eighty sites. On the basis of structural analysis,it emerged that the multiphase paleostress fields became established after the oblique collision between the North and South China plates. The earliest stress field with N–S compression was established during the Micangshan uplift associated with the E–W trending faults and folds. Subsequently,a N–S extension occurred when the Qinling orogenic belt collapsed. Then NW–SE compression developed,with NE trending faults and folds forming in relation to Longmenshan thrusting toward southwest on the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. With the development of the arcuate Dabashan orogenic belt,the compression stress orientation of the Micangshan anticlinorium altered from NE–SW to E–W.     

The Constitute of Thick Tight Sandstone Belt and the Main Controlling Factors of Effective Reservoir

<正>1 Introduction The western 3D region of the Sulige gas field is located in the Yi-shan slope north of northern Su47 and south of Su48 medium sand belt of the Ordos Basin,the area of it is about 431 km2.The average thickness of He8 is 69.1m,the thickness of it is 83.9m;The effective sand thickness is14.4 m,the thickness of it is 21.5m.